In some Linux desktops, what you get is what you get when it comes to desktop icons.
You can usually specify if you want network locations or storage devices shown as icons, or maybe a trash can, shown, but not much else. This is where Linux looks stupid compared to at least some earlier versions of Windows and the Mac, where you can do more with icons.
But in KDE, icons are very very configurable.
(See this post for a short diatribe on why you should try KDE even if you haven’t considered it lately … I myself am a recent convert to this particular desktop.)
In KDE, you can right click on the desktop, then chose “icons” on the context menu.
You can then arrange the icons horizontally or vertically on the screen.
You can align them to the left or right of the screen.
You can sort them by the usual sorting criteria.
You can specify sizes, ranging from “tiny” to “huge.”
And you can lock them. When unlocked, you can move them around.
The images shown here are exemplars of some of these options, in various combinations.