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	<title>Natural Selection &#8211; Greg Laden&#039;s Blog</title>
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	<title>Natural Selection &#8211; Greg Laden&#039;s Blog</title>
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		<title>Reproductive Success and Fitness are not the same thing</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2013/07/19/reproductive-success-and-fitness-are-not-the-same-thing/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2013/07/19/reproductive-success-and-fitness-are-not-the-same-thing/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Jul 2013 16:33:54 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=17203</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Reproductive Success (RS) is defined in many ways in different places by different people, but one of the most common definitions is simply the number of offspring an individual produces. This definition is further modified in most cases to mean only those individuals that will be fertile, i.e., capable of producing further offspring. RS is &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2013/07/19/reproductive-success-and-fitness-are-not-the-same-thing/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Reproductive Success and Fitness are not the same thing</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2013/07/19/reproductive-success-and-fitness-are-not-the-same-thing/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>11</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">17203</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>&#8220;A new theory of evolution proves what Sarah Palin has always known: Darwin was a retard&#8221;</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2010/08/25/a-new-theory-of-evolution-prov/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2010/08/25/a-new-theory-of-evolution-prov/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Aug 2010 21:10:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2010/08/25/a-new-theory-of-evolution-prov/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[As I predicted earlier today, various journalists are taking up the theme that &#8220;Darwin was wrong&#8221; because he did not predict that niches into which organisms evolved would be a major controlling feature in the overall pattern of evolution. But of course, he did, and the new research being referred to does not &#8220;disprove darwin.&#8221; &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2010/08/25/a-new-theory-of-evolution-prov/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;A new theory of evolution proves what Sarah Palin has always known: Darwin was a retard&#8221;</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2010/08/25/a-new-theory-of-evolution-prov/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">8594</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Natural Selection vs. Opportunity in Macroevolutionary Patterning of the Fossil Record</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2010/08/25/natural-selection-vs-opportuni/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2010/08/25/natural-selection-vs-opportuni/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Aug 2010 08:49:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paleontology]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2010/08/25/natural-selection-vs-opportuni/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;m going to talk about one or two peer reviewed papers, but in doing so, I&#8217;m going to have to say a few words &#8230; and this will not be pretty &#8230; about a certain science writer&#8217;s report at the BBC. In an article titled &#8220;Space is the final frontier for evolution, study claims&#8221; BBC &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2010/08/25/natural-selection-vs-opportuni/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Natural Selection vs. Opportunity in Macroevolutionary Patterning of the Fossil Record</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2010/08/25/natural-selection-vs-opportuni/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>29</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">8570</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Acting for the survival of the species (a falsehood)</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/09/02/acting-for-the-survival-of-the/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/09/02/acting-for-the-survival-of-the/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2009 12:59:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavioral Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brain and Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Falsehoods]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[group selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[survival of the species]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/09/02/acting-for-the-survival-of-the/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Today&#8217;s falsehood is the idea that individual animals act for the benefit of their own species. Let me give you an example. When I was a kid, I watched a nature show about cougars. The show &#8216;documented&#8217; a single female cougar going about doing cougar-things and being generally cougar-like. At one point she had cute &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/09/02/acting-for-the-survival-of-the/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Acting for the survival of the species (a falsehood)</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/09/02/acting-for-the-survival-of-the/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>17</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">27025</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Modes of Natural Selection</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/08/25/the-modes-of-natural-selection-1/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/08/25/the-modes-of-natural-selection-1/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2009 18:09:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/08/25/the-modes-of-natural-selection-1/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[There many ways of dividing up and categorizing Natural Selection. For example, there are the trichotomies of Natural Selection, Sexual Selection and Artificial Selection, and Modes of Selection (Stabilizing, Directional, and Disruptive) trichotomy. We sense that these are good because they are &#8220;threes&#8221; and &#8220;three&#8221; is a magic number. Here, I&#8217;m focusing on the Mode &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/08/25/the-modes-of-natural-selection-1/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">The Modes of Natural Selection</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/08/25/the-modes-of-natural-selection-1/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>14</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">6207</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Humans are no longer subject to Natural Selection (A falsehood)</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/08/24/humans-are-no-longer-subject-t/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/08/24/humans-are-no-longer-subject-t/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2009 11:15:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Falsehoods]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/08/24/humans-are-no-longer-subject-t/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Another look at falsehoods about evolution. We previously addressed the falsehood &#8220;Evolution has stopped for humans&#8221; and concluded that background change in allele frequency independent of natural selection does not just stop for any viable, continuing population. So, no, saying that &#8220;evolution has stopped for humans&#8221; is tantamount to saying that &#8220;gravity has stopped for &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/08/24/humans-are-no-longer-subject-t/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Humans are no longer subject to Natural Selection (A falsehood)</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/08/24/humans-are-no-longer-subject-t/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>65</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">26968</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Natural Basis for Inequality of the Sexes</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/07/27/the-natural-basis-for-inequali/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/07/27/the-natural-basis-for-inequali/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:50:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Anthropology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavioral Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Feminism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Naturalistic Fallacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sex Differences]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trivers-Willard]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/07/27/the-natural-basis-for-inequali/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Is the Natural World a valid source of guidance for our behavior, morals, ethics, and other more mundane areas of thought such as how to build an airplane and what to eat for breakfast?1 When it comes to airplanes, you&#8217;d better be a servant to the rules of nature (such as gravity) or the airplane &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/07/27/the-natural-basis-for-inequali/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">The Natural Basis for Inequality of the Sexes</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/07/27/the-natural-basis-for-inequali/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>58</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5938</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>BBC:  DNA mutations followed by selection does not lead to new species!?!?</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/06/24/bbc-dna-mutations-followed-by/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/06/24/bbc-dna-mutations-followed-by/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2009 12:58:41 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/06/24/bbc-dna-mutations-followed-by/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In an BBC article describing a Royal Society paper on the rate of mutation in warm vs. cooler climates, the BBC made this statement: DNA can mutate and change imperceptibly every time a cell divides and makes a copy of itself. But when one of these mutations causes a change that is advantageous for the &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/06/24/bbc-dna-mutations-followed-by/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">BBC:  DNA mutations followed by selection does not lead to new species!?!?</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/06/24/bbc-dna-mutations-followed-by/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>30</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5692</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Ultimate Causes, Proximate Mechanisms</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/05/14/ultimate-causes-proximate-mech/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/05/14/ultimate-causes-proximate-mech/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2009 08:04:57 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavioral Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gender and Sexual Orientation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sex Differences]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/05/14/ultimate-causes-proximate-mech/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Why does a soldier throw himself on a hand grenade to save the lives of a half-dozen unrelated fellow soldiers? Why does someone run into a burning building they happen to be passing to save a child they don&#8217;t know? From a Darwinian perspective these seem to be enigmatic behaviors that would &#8220;select against&#8221; such &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/05/14/ultimate-causes-proximate-mech/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Ultimate Causes, Proximate Mechanisms</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/05/14/ultimate-causes-proximate-mech/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>18</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">26483</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Diatoms Large and Small</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/19/diatoms-are-algae-with-hard/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/19/diatoms-are-algae-with-hard/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2009 16:26:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Cell Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diatom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ess]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fresh water ecosystem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marine ecosystem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[modeling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/02/19/diatoms-are-algae-with-hard/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Diatoms are algae with hard parts. They make up a major part of the plankton found in fresh and salt water environments. Usually, diatoms exist as single celled free floating organisms, but they can also be colonies of several single cells. Their tiny little &#8216;shells&#8217; are made up of silica (these shells are called &#8220;fustules&#8221;). &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/19/diatoms-are-algae-with-hard/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Diatoms Large and Small</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/19/diatoms-are-algae-with-hard/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>7</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">4595</post-id>	</item>
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