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	<title>Natural Selection &#8211; Greg Laden&#039;s Blog</title>
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	<title>Natural Selection &#8211; Greg Laden&#039;s Blog</title>
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		<title>The Three Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Natural Selection</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2022/04/20/the-three-necessary-and-suffic-2/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2022/04/20/the-three-necessary-and-suffic-2/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Apr 2022 22:09:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/08/25/the-three-necessary-and-suffic-2/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Natural Selection is the key creative force in evolution. Natural selection, together with specific histories of populations (species) and adaptations, is responsible for the design of organisms. Most people have some idea of what Natural Selection is. However, it is easy to make conceptual errors when thinking about this important force of nature. One way &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2022/04/20/the-three-necessary-and-suffic-2/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">The Three Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Natural Selection</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>30</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">26975</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Origin of Life and Life on Other Planets</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2018/07/23/the-origin-of-life-and-life-on-other-planets/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2018/07/23/the-origin-of-life-and-life-on-other-planets/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Jul 2018 00:27:22 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Falsehoods and Skepticism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Physical Science and Math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Astrobiology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[life on mars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life on Moon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Origin of Life]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://gregladen.com/blog/?p=29928</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Origin of Life and Life on Other Planets Several parallel discussions inspire me to write this post partly in the hope that you will chime in. The chance of life elsewhere in the universe just went to near zero. Or did it? I was just hanging around minding my own business the other day &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2018/07/23/the-origin-of-life-and-life-on-other-planets/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">The Origin of Life and Life on Other Planets</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>16</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">29928</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Pagel on Darwin</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/12/pagel-on-darwin/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/12/pagel-on-darwin/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 14:48:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History of science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/02/12/pagel-on-darwin/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Mark Pagel, evolutionary theorist extraordinaire, has published an Insight piece in Nature on Natural selection 150 years on. Pagel, well known for myriad projects in natural selecition theory and adaptation, and for developing with Harvey the widely used statistical phylogenetic method (and for being a reader of my thesis) wishes Charles Darwin a happy 200th &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/12/pagel-on-darwin/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Pagel on Darwin</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">4551</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Elephants and Horses</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/12/elephants-and-horses/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/12/elephants-and-horses/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 13:07:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[elephants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fossils]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History of science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horses]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/02/12/elephants-and-horses/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In 1833, Darwin spent a fair amount of time on the East Coast of South America, including in the Pampas, where he had access to abundant fossil material. Here I&#8217;d like to examine his writings about some of the megafauna, including Toxodon, Mastodon, and horses, and his further considerations of biogeography and evolution. reposted In &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/12/elephants-and-horses/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Elephants and Horses</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">26020</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Rheas and the Birth of Evolutionary Theory</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/11/rheas-and-the-birth-of-evoluti/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/11/rheas-and-the-birth-of-evoluti/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2009 12:06:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History of science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rheas]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/02/11/rheas-and-the-birth-of-evoluti/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Everyone knows about Darwin&#8217;s Finches, of the Galapagos Islands. But of course, Darwin made observations of birds throughout his travels on The Beagle. Here, I present a number of passages from The Voyage that include some of these observations. Struthio Rhea I will now give an account of &#8230; the Struthio Rhea, or South American &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/11/rheas-and-the-birth-of-evoluti/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Rheas and the Birth of Evolutionary Theory</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">26008</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Fossil Quadrupeds</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/10/fossil-quadrupeds/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/10/fossil-quadrupeds/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2009 14:07:14 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fossils]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History of science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/02/10/fossil-quadrupeds/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Charles Darwin wrote a book called Geological Observations on South America. Since Fitzroy needed to carry out intensive and extensive coastal mapping in South America, and Darwin was, at heart, a geologist more than anything else (at least during the Beagle&#8217;s voyage), this meant that Darwin would become the world&#8217;s expert on South American geology. &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/10/fossil-quadrupeds/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Fossil Quadrupeds</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">26007</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Darwin and The Gauchos</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/09/darwin-and-the-gauchos/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/09/darwin-and-the-gauchos/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2009 22:06:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Anthropology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gauchos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History of science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/02/09/darwin-and-the-gauchos/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[We&#8217;re half way through Darwin Month, and only a tiny ways through the voyage. Need to hurry up! So, let&#8217;s skip ahead a bit and hit the Gauchos&#8230;. reposted with minor modifications Well, you don&#8217;t really want to hit at Gaucho &#8230; they hit back rather hard&#8230;. The Gauchos are the cowboys of the so-called &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/09/darwin-and-the-gauchos/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Darwin and The Gauchos</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">25996</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Darwin South of the Tropics</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/09/darwin-south-of-the-tropics/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/09/darwin-south-of-the-tropics/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2009 16:20:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History of science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/02/09/darwin-south-of-the-tropics/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Eventually, the Beagle headed south to the area of Uruguay and Argentina, still on the Atlantic Coast, where extensive mapping of the coastal waters was required. The Parana and Uruguay Rivers meet in the Atlantic estuary known as Rio de la Plata. On the north side of this huge body of water is Montevideo, Uruguay, &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2009/02/09/darwin-south-of-the-tropics/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Darwin South of the Tropics</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">25995</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Origin of the Chicken</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2008/02/29/the-origin-of-the-chicken/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2008/02/29/the-origin-of-the-chicken/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 29 Feb 2008 17:48:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[archaeology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chicken]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[domestication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolutionary Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[origin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Origin of Agriculture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[photograph of chicken]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2008/02/29/the-origin-of-the-chicken/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[From whence the humble chicken? Gallus gallus is a domesticated chicken-like bird (thus, the name &#8220;chicken&#8221;) that originates in southeast Asia. Ever since Darwin we&#8217;ve known that the chicken originated in southeast Asia, although the exact details of which one or more of several possible jungle fowls is the primal form has been debated. The &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2008/02/29/the-origin-of-the-chicken/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">The Origin of the Chicken</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>29</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">1610</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Hybrids of Blind Fish Can See</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2008/01/27/hybrids-of-blind-fish-can-see/</link>
					<comments>https://gregladen.com/blog/2008/01/27/hybrids-of-blind-fish-can-see/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biogeography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Climate Change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Creation Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darwin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2008/01/27/hybrids-of-blind-fish-can-see/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The loss of sight in cave dwelling species is widely known. We presume that since sight in utter darkness has no fitness value, the mutation of a gene critical to the development of the sense of sight is not selected against. Over time, any population living in darkness will eventually experience such mutations, and these &#8230; <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2008/01/27/hybrids-of-blind-fish-can-see/" class="more-link">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">Hybrids of Blind Fish Can See</span> <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">1247</post-id>	</item>
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