Otherwise, *ablation* with nukes is preffered wherein nukes are detonated ahead of the asteroid, heating the surface to offgass and deflect trajectory (velocity). There are many other schemes, such as gravity ‘tractors’ but that takes time. Think *Apophis* 2004 MN4, aka 99942.

Of course, the same idea that can deflect such things can redirect them for malice.

(no links, nobody here reads them anyways cause ya’ll already know…)

And you forgot Tunguska, if you want to consider “what if” impacts that relate to actual, documented events…