<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	
	xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss"
	xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
	
	>
<channel>
	<title>
	Comments on: My Review of Nicholas Wade&#039;s Book, A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race, and Human History.	</title>
	<atom:link href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/</link>
	<description></description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sat, 06 Sep 2014 20:29:37 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<sy:updatePeriod>
	hourly	</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>
	1	</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=6.4.8</generator>
	<item>
		<title>
		By: daedalus2u		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480728</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[daedalus2u]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Sep 2014 20:29:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480728</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Greg,  This might be the reference you are looking for.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178763]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Greg,  This might be the reference you are looking for.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178763" rel="nofollow ugc">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178763</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>
		By: The Ecocide Research Aggregator &#187; New Book by ex-Nature Editor Explores Relationships Between Genes and Culture- TERA		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480727</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[The Ecocide Research Aggregator &#187; New Book by ex-Nature Editor Explores Relationships Between Genes and Culture- TERA]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2014 02:58:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480727</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[[&#8230;] http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inherita&#8230; [&#8230;]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[&#8230;] <a href="http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inherita&#038;#8230" rel="nofollow ugc">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inherita&#038;#8230</a>; [&#8230;]</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>
		By: Adam Cherson		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480726</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adam Cherson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2014 02:50:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480726</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[One thing being overlooked in this discussion is that whether aggregations of phenotypically similar societies rise to the level of being different races or whether they are merely vestiges of some primitive reluctance to trust anyone that looks different does not deny the fact that such aggregations do exist and are the source of potentially self-annihilating behavior (if anyone doubts that they exist please see this data portal: http://dna.xyvy.info ). Therefore we must explore the underlying reasons for these aggregations in an attempt to better understand them and decouple ourselves from a blind adherence to behaviors that may have once been successful adaptations but are no longer so.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One thing being overlooked in this discussion is that whether aggregations of phenotypically similar societies rise to the level of being different races or whether they are merely vestiges of some primitive reluctance to trust anyone that looks different does not deny the fact that such aggregations do exist and are the source of potentially self-annihilating behavior (if anyone doubts that they exist please see this data portal: <a href="http://dna.xyvy.info" rel="nofollow ugc">http://dna.xyvy.info</a> ). Therefore we must explore the underlying reasons for these aggregations in an attempt to better understand them and decouple ourselves from a blind adherence to behaviors that may have once been successful adaptations but are no longer so.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>
		By: Obstreperous Applesauce		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480725</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Obstreperous Applesauce]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Jun 2014 16:33:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480725</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&quot;strange social need to sort people into boxes&quot;

Call it tribalism, institutionalized OCD, or whatever. It pretty much comes down to cattle management of domesticated humans. As some would have it, we&#039;re all just material serving at the pleasure of our &quot;betters&quot;.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;strange social need to sort people into boxes&#8221;</p>
<p>Call it tribalism, institutionalized OCD, or whatever. It pretty much comes down to cattle management of domesticated humans. As some would have it, we&#8217;re all just material serving at the pleasure of our &#8220;betters&#8221;.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>
		By: Joshua White		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480724</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joshua White]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Jun 2014 15:54:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480724</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[I think that a big part of the disconnect there is that the whole point to most of the objections I have read to Wade&#039;s book, is that there are no meaningful correlations between what we call race, and what you can find in terms of patterns in genetics. Race exists as a concept, but it gets used in so many ways from Darwin to today and the usage includes a lot of things that just can&#039;t be demonstrated the way that many like Wade seem to want it to.

Yes there are changes in genes between groups. The more the groups are separated in time the more changes will accumulate. There are thousands of differences between each of us and our parents. But not all genetic changes produce effects (neutral mutations), not all expressed genetic changes produce visible effects in complex systems with many parts (dilution effects for both positive and negative mutations), and not every system is as tolerant to changes (cognitive systems versus skin color) and less tolerant systems will produce fewer acceptable mutations.

Many times that I see people pointing to genetic data showing differences used in tracking things like migration patterns, the specific genetic differences they are pointing to have no phenotypes associated with them. The collection of data that do show phenotypic differences show inheritance patterns, and only a part of inheritance is genetic. I never see anyone like wade describe the magnitude of nurture effects on inheritance.
Inheritance is not equal to genetics. We also inherit predispositions (gene expression states, epigenetics) for responding to environments in different ways based on the experiences of our mother during conception.

On top of that there is stronger and stronger evidence accumulating that the experiences of parents and grandparents also change these expression predispositions. The recording of transgenerational &quot;nurture&quot; information is mixed up in a lot of inheritance data and must be separated from genetic effects if any genetic argument is to be made. Not to mention that the hardware that runs the nurture programs will also involve elements of genetics making them a new variable since they would technically be both nature and nurture.
&quot;A review on the evidence of transgenerational transmission of posttraumatic stress disorder vulnerability.&quot;
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24402183
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenerational_epigenetics
Science and medicine usually start with the most traumatic stuff, and end up discovering systems involved in positive and negative aspects of the human condition more broadly. At this point we have no reason to dismiss the idea that whole groups of people that we see as minorities get all sorts of emotional inheritance patterns that produce effects like lower IQ (not to mention height and color may have transgenerational epigenetic effects as well. Wade and his sort are cherry-pickers with a whole set of unknown unknowns they don&#039;t think about.

A huge part of what falls under the word Race involves claims of not just things like height and color, but claims of specialness for some races over others, or inferiority of some races relative to others. People can go on about skin color and height, but those are not meaningful differences when it comes to this strange social need to sort people into boxes. The conversation always get over to IQ, a thing with so many cultural effects that you cannot separate nurture from it and neither Wade or anyone else have outlined anything remotely convincing when it comes to genetics, race, and IQ.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think that a big part of the disconnect there is that the whole point to most of the objections I have read to Wade&#8217;s book, is that there are no meaningful correlations between what we call race, and what you can find in terms of patterns in genetics. Race exists as a concept, but it gets used in so many ways from Darwin to today and the usage includes a lot of things that just can&#8217;t be demonstrated the way that many like Wade seem to want it to.</p>
<p>Yes there are changes in genes between groups. The more the groups are separated in time the more changes will accumulate. There are thousands of differences between each of us and our parents. But not all genetic changes produce effects (neutral mutations), not all expressed genetic changes produce visible effects in complex systems with many parts (dilution effects for both positive and negative mutations), and not every system is as tolerant to changes (cognitive systems versus skin color) and less tolerant systems will produce fewer acceptable mutations.</p>
<p>Many times that I see people pointing to genetic data showing differences used in tracking things like migration patterns, the specific genetic differences they are pointing to have no phenotypes associated with them. The collection of data that do show phenotypic differences show inheritance patterns, and only a part of inheritance is genetic. I never see anyone like wade describe the magnitude of nurture effects on inheritance.<br />
Inheritance is not equal to genetics. We also inherit predispositions (gene expression states, epigenetics) for responding to environments in different ways based on the experiences of our mother during conception.</p>
<p>On top of that there is stronger and stronger evidence accumulating that the experiences of parents and grandparents also change these expression predispositions. The recording of transgenerational &#8220;nurture&#8221; information is mixed up in a lot of inheritance data and must be separated from genetic effects if any genetic argument is to be made. Not to mention that the hardware that runs the nurture programs will also involve elements of genetics making them a new variable since they would technically be both nature and nurture.<br />
&#8220;A review on the evidence of transgenerational transmission of posttraumatic stress disorder vulnerability.&#8221;<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24402183" rel="nofollow ugc">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24402183</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenerational_epigenetics" rel="nofollow ugc">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenerational_epigenetics</a><br />
Science and medicine usually start with the most traumatic stuff, and end up discovering systems involved in positive and negative aspects of the human condition more broadly. At this point we have no reason to dismiss the idea that whole groups of people that we see as minorities get all sorts of emotional inheritance patterns that produce effects like lower IQ (not to mention height and color may have transgenerational epigenetic effects as well. Wade and his sort are cherry-pickers with a whole set of unknown unknowns they don&#8217;t think about.</p>
<p>A huge part of what falls under the word Race involves claims of not just things like height and color, but claims of specialness for some races over others, or inferiority of some races relative to others. People can go on about skin color and height, but those are not meaningful differences when it comes to this strange social need to sort people into boxes. The conversation always get over to IQ, a thing with so many cultural effects that you cannot separate nurture from it and neither Wade or anyone else have outlined anything remotely convincing when it comes to genetics, race, and IQ.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>
		By: Josh		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480723</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Josh]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Jun 2014 13:48:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480723</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&quot;Are you claiming that northern and Southern Europeans are different races distinguished by height?&quot;

That&#039;s  the silliest thing iv&#039;e ever heard. Did you even read Wade&#039;s book?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Are you claiming that northern and Southern Europeans are different races distinguished by height?&#8221;</p>
<p>That&#8217;s  the silliest thing iv&#8217;e ever heard. Did you even read Wade&#8217;s book?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>
		By: Greg Laden		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480722</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Jun 2014 13:01:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480722</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In reply to &lt;a href=&quot;https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480721&quot;&gt;Josh&lt;/a&gt;.

Are you claiming that northern and Southern Europeans are different races distinguished by height?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In reply to <a href="https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480721">Josh</a>.</p>
<p>Are you claiming that northern and Southern Europeans are different races distinguished by height?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>
		By: Josh		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480721</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Josh]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Jun 2014 03:46:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480721</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&quot;Rork, people who come from the same, similar, or overlapping/interacting gene pools will be more likely to have similar alleles. That’s it. That is sometimes mistaken for race, and our categories of “races” sometimes stand in for that geographical effect, depending on the relevant population history. But that is a very different thing than distinct (or even indistinct) races compartmentalizing alleles.
&quot;

OK.........none of that  contradicts the existence of population differences on traits. But you seem to think it does.

No, greg, calling southern and and northern Europeans different &quot;populations&quot; instead of different &quot;races&quot; will not take away the height gap that exists between them.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Rork, people who come from the same, similar, or overlapping/interacting gene pools will be more likely to have similar alleles. That’s it. That is sometimes mistaken for race, and our categories of “races” sometimes stand in for that geographical effect, depending on the relevant population history. But that is a very different thing than distinct (or even indistinct) races compartmentalizing alleles.<br />
&#8221;</p>
<p>OK&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;none of that  contradicts the existence of population differences on traits. But you seem to think it does.</p>
<p>No, greg, calling southern and and northern Europeans different &#8220;populations&#8221; instead of different &#8220;races&#8221; will not take away the height gap that exists between them.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>
		By: Greg Laden		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480720</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2014 16:42:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480720</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Victor (24) This is called Hypodescent.  Westerners (and maybe others) classify a person who is descendant from the dominant &quot;race&quot; and a lower &quot;race&quot; (by the standards of the time, so white = dominant or higher and black = sub dominant or lower) into the lower race category. Our classification of Barack Obama as &quot;black&quot; is an example of this, and an example of an insidious part of the whole race concept. More reason to put it aside.

There is another twist to that; It is simply true that whiteness is very white with little variation and anyone who isn&#039;t all that white gets to be black or whatever. But we do tend to not do this with white-asian people ... they are &quot;mixed&quot; and if they are white enough they are white. But in the US we have a long history of trying to manage the breeding and other aspects of society of black people/Africans (as well as women in general) because we tend to be assholes about this sort of thing.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Victor (24) This is called Hypodescent.  Westerners (and maybe others) classify a person who is descendant from the dominant &#8220;race&#8221; and a lower &#8220;race&#8221; (by the standards of the time, so white = dominant or higher and black = sub dominant or lower) into the lower race category. Our classification of Barack Obama as &#8220;black&#8221; is an example of this, and an example of an insidious part of the whole race concept. More reason to put it aside.</p>
<p>There is another twist to that; It is simply true that whiteness is very white with little variation and anyone who isn&#8217;t all that white gets to be black or whatever. But we do tend to not do this with white-asian people &#8230; they are &#8220;mixed&#8221; and if they are white enough they are white. But in the US we have a long history of trying to manage the breeding and other aspects of society of black people/Africans (as well as women in general) because we tend to be assholes about this sort of thing.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>
		By: Greg Laden		</title>
		<link>https://gregladen.com/blog/2014/06/17/my-review-of-nicholas-wades-book-a-troublesome-inheritance-genes-race-and-human-history/#comment-480719</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greg Laden]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2014 16:33:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/?p=19713#comment-480719</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[White skinned people have a range of lactose tolerance, and any given sample of white people in a european country will yield results from very high in Northern Europe and lower near the Middle East and Med. Ironically, people with the longest history of cattle keeping in West Asia and Europe have the lowest levels of tolerance.

While it is commonly said that the people of the &quot;Black race&quot; (Africans) tend to have the lowest adult lactose tolerance levels, the populations that have about 100% tolerance are pretty much only African populations, certain groups in Central Africa.

Among the people of the world who rely the absolutely MOST on cow milk for their food are African groups with near zero adult lactose tolerance.

Tolerance is distributed in a very whacky way in reference to the racial groups, and the association between cattle keeping and this particular allele variant is bad enough to seriously question the theory that they are linked, or at least, that they are usually linked. (I.e. the Central African 100% tolerant people are major cattle keepers).

So, like stature, this example is not a good example to support any sort of standard race concept.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>White skinned people have a range of lactose tolerance, and any given sample of white people in a european country will yield results from very high in Northern Europe and lower near the Middle East and Med. Ironically, people with the longest history of cattle keeping in West Asia and Europe have the lowest levels of tolerance.</p>
<p>While it is commonly said that the people of the &#8220;Black race&#8221; (Africans) tend to have the lowest adult lactose tolerance levels, the populations that have about 100% tolerance are pretty much only African populations, certain groups in Central Africa.</p>
<p>Among the people of the world who rely the absolutely MOST on cow milk for their food are African groups with near zero adult lactose tolerance.</p>
<p>Tolerance is distributed in a very whacky way in reference to the racial groups, and the association between cattle keeping and this particular allele variant is bad enough to seriously question the theory that they are linked, or at least, that they are usually linked. (I.e. the Central African 100% tolerant people are major cattle keepers).</p>
<p>So, like stature, this example is not a good example to support any sort of standard race concept.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
			</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
